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Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Santalopsida Order: Santalales Family: Santalaceae Genus: Santalum

‘iliahi [iliahi], Haleakala sandalwood, lā‘au ala, sandalwood

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small trees, evergreen, single or multiple stems; 1–8 m tall. Apparently hemiparasitic on roots of other plants.

Stems: Older trees readily spread vegetatively via root sprouts when surface roots are exposed or damaged, sometimes forming small stands.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades broadly ovate, elliptic, to orbicular, (2.2–)2.9–5.1(–6.5) cm long × (1.2–)1.8–3.1(–4.0) cm wide. Apex acute or obtuse (rarely acuminate). Base cuneate. More glaucous Lower surfacely, surfaces paler Lower surfacely, olive to dark green; blades thickly coriaceous. Margins flat to slightly recurved. Leaf lateral veins apparent on abaxial surface (to not apparent in thick leaves). Petioles (1.2–) 2.0–7.4 (–11.6) mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences dense to dense, terminal (rarely axillary). Flowers bisexual (perfect), weakly fragrant, reddish to cream-colored in bud, longer than wide, in congested, terminal, compound cymes, rarely with a few additional axillary flower clusters, pedicels 2–4 mm long, bracts persistent until flowering. Pedicels (0.7–)1.0–3.2(–4.4) mm long; bracts 5 mm long, persistent. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla of 4 (rarely 5) petals; petals deep pink to red throughout, or with white to pink interiors; floral–tubes (2.0–)3.9–8.5(–10.0) mm long × (2.0–)2.2–3.4(–3.5) mm wide, campanulate to cylindrical, without vertical keel below each corolla lobe; disk lobes lingulate, apices acute or round; concave with thickened margins, papillate, lobes (2.7–)3.1–5.7–(7.1) mm long × (1.9–)2.1–3.3(–4.0) mm wide. Stamens 4, hairs proximal to the filaments (rarely hairs distal). Ovary partly inferior (approx. ⅔); drupe elliptic, with subapical ring; stigma lobes 3.

Fruit: Drupes black or purplish black at maturity; 9–14 mm long; with a subapical receptacular ring. Seeds muricate; with pointed beak on one end.

Ploidy:

Habitat: In subalpine and montane mesic forest plant communities.

Elevation Range: 1,800–2,700 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1222 (EM [as S. haleakalae]); Harbaugh et al. 2010:833 (now var. haleakalae with addition of S. haleakalae var. lanaiense, KEY, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry scrubland, dominants-Vaccinium, Styphelia, Sophora S. of head of Halemauu Trail Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 673 Maui BISH 1975-06-13
2 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry scrubland; dominants: Vaccinium, Styphelia, Sophora. 50 yds. downslope of trail, 0.5 mi. from trailhead, growing with Holcus lanatus and Styphelia. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 665 Maui BISH 1975-06-13
3 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Parkland with Sophora, Santalum, Styphelia, et al. Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 13875 Maui BISH 1968-06-24
4 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open pasture with scattered remnants of shrub or forest with Vaccinium, Styphelia, Coprosma Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5884 Maui BISH 1964-04-17
5 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On cinder/ash substrate. Vegetation: Sophora, Dodonaea, Rubus, Osteomeles, Dryopteris, Dubautia, Bidens, Carex, Luzula, Pellaea, Asplenium, Polypodium, Cirisum, Lythrum, Senecio, Holcus, Hypochoeris, Bidens pilosa. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 40928 Maui BISH 2009-04-22
6 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details High elevation open scrub (Pukiawe, Mamane, Pilo, grass and bare cinder Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. Maui BISH 1975-07-28
7 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Coprosma, Sophora, Pteridium, Styphelia, etc. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3856 Maui BISH 1969-07-13
8 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Dubautia, Perrottetia, Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Rubus, Sadleria, Diplazium, Sthyrium, Dryopteris, Pipturus, Uncinia, Carex, Peperomia, Pneumatopteris, Asplenium, Elaphoglossum, Coniogramme, Melicope, Lysimachia, Pteris, Pseudophegopteris. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 40936 Maui BISH 2009-04-30
9 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details There is a stand of trees and much sucker regeneration. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 737 Maui BISH 1975-06-21
10 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aa-lava with shrubby vegetation on roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5884 Maui BISH 1964-04-17
11 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aa-lava with scattered scrubs and trees Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5885 Maui BISH 1964-04-17
12 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Gehring, P. 3007 Maui BISH 1966-01-16
13 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details grassy slope with shrubs and scattered trees. Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5887 Maui BISH 1964-04-17
14 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Styphelia, Dubautia menziesii, Geranium cuneatum, Sophora, Dodonaea; rocky scrub Preserved_Specimen Wallace, G.D. 2630 Maui BISH 1987-01-31
15 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Coprosma, Sophora, Pteridium, Styphelia, etc. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3856 Maui BISH 1969-07-13
16 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Sophora chrysophylla sub-alpine shrub. W/Leptecophylla, Dodonaea, Santalum haleakalae, Coprosma ernodeoides, C. montana, Bidens micrantha kalealaha, Asplenium trichomanes, A. adiantum-nigrum, Luzula hawaiiensis, Osteomeles, Deschampsia nu Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 13704 Maui BISH 2009-04-22
17 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3699 Maui BISH 1927-07-27
18 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 734 Maui BISH 1975-06-17
19 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5290 Maui BISH 1947-04-01
20 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 396 Maui BISH 1864-01-01
21 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 301 Maui BISH 1900-08-01
22 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1130 Maui BISH 1919-08-14
23 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1090 Maui BISH 1919-08-08
24 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 735 Maui BISH 1975-06-17
25 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3696 Maui BISH 1927-08-09
26 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3699 Maui BISH 1927-07-27
27 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 802 Maui BISH 1967-12-19
28 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stonedahl, G.M. Maui BISH 1984-03-04
29 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1897 Maui BISH 1920-03-08
30 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3698 Maui BISH 1927-08-20
31 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1140 Maui BISH 1967-05-14
32 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 70 Maui BISH 1922-10-17
33 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1985 Maui BISH 1960-03-16
34 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2364 Maui BISH 1920-05-14
35 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2277 Maui BISH 1927-08-11
36 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5299 Maui BISH 1927-06-15
37 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 396 Maui BISH 1864-01-01
38 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3697 Maui BISH 1927-08-15
39 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 21220 Maui BISH 1945-08-28
40 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 984 Maui BISH 1919-07-31
41 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 733 Maui BISH 1975-06-17
42 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3736 Maui BISH 1969-06-26
43 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8588 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
44 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3697 Maui BISH 1927-08-15
45 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5304 Maui BISH 1927-08-16
46 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kelly, M. Maui BISH 1962-07-01
47 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH 1872-05-01
48 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Brigham, W.T. Maui BISH 1909-01-01
49 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Maui BISH 1913-01-01
50 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 2030 Maui BISH 1966-11-26
51 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Judd, A.F. Maui BISH 1935-12-14
52 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 749 Maui BISH 1976-06-24
53 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aa-lava with shrubby vegetation, few trees Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5884 Maui BISH 1964-04-17
54 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9026 Maui BISH 1928-01-20
55 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Cooke, D. Maui BISH 1929-09-10
56 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 301 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
57 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aa and cinder substrate. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 750 Maui BISH 1976-06-24
58 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rocky slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10345 Maui BISH 1930-02-15
59 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a native shrub-matted fern understory. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, L. 3954 Molokai BISH 1979-06-26
60 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details At tree line. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 21307 Maui BISH 1945-09-04
61 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In a Styphelia-Holcus community; many pine trees in area. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 7 Maui BISH 1983-08-22
62 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Fogswept open woods. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3698 Maui BISH 1927-08-20
63 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On rocky outcrop. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 748 Maui BISH 1976-06-24
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